Chapter 1
Consonants & Vowels
Let's learn the basic Hangul consonants and vowels. These are the building blocks used to form syllable blocks (글자).
Basic consonants
| Letter | Phonetic | Name | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㄱ | g/k | Giyeok | |
| ㄴ | n | Nieun | |
| ㄷ | d/t | Digeut | |
| ㄹ | r/l | Rieul | |
| ㅁ | m | Mieum | |
| ㅂ | b/p | Bieup | |
| ㅅ | s | Siot | |
| ㅇ | ng / (silent) | Ieung | |
| ㅈ | j | Jieut | |
| ㅊ | ch | Chieut | |
| ㅋ | k | Kieuk | |
| ㅌ | t | Tieut | |
| ㅍ | p | Pieup | |
| ㅎ | h | Hieut |
Basic vowels
| Letter | Phonetic | Name | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㅏ | a | A | |
| ㅑ | ya | Ya | |
| ㅓ | eo | Eo | |
| ㅕ | yeo | Yeo | |
| ㅗ | o | O | |
| ㅛ | yo | Yo | |
| ㅜ | u | U | |
| ㅠ | yu | Yu | |
| ㅡ | eu | Eu | |
| ㅣ | i | I |
Some consonants can sound different by position (e.g., ㄱ can be closer to 'k' at the start and closer to 'g' between vowels).