Word & grammar comparisons

교환하다 (gyo-hwan-ha-da, gyohwanhada) · 교환되다 (gyo-hwan-doe-da, gyohwandoeda)

교환하다 (gyohwanhada) expresses an active act of exchanging by the subject, while 교환되다 (gyohwandoeda) emphasizes the exchange happening passively or being done to the subject.

취소하다 (chwi-so-ha-da, chwisohada) · 취소되다 (chwi-so-doe-da, chwisodoeda)

취소하다 (chwisohada) is active, meaning the subject cancels something directly, while 취소되다 (chwisodoeda) is passive, indicating something gets canceled.

진료하다 (jin-ryo-ha-da, jinryohada) · 진료되다 (jin-ryo-doe-da, jinryodoeda)

'진료하다' (jinryo-hada) expresses the active act of a doctor treating a patient, while '진료되다' (jinryo-doeda) describes the passive state of a patient receiving treatment.

입학하다 (ip-hak-ha-da, iphakhada) · 졸업하다 (jol-eop-ha-da, joleophada)

입학하다 (ip-hak-ha-da) means to enter a school, while 졸업하다 (jol-eob-ha-da) means to graduate or finish school; they mark the start and end of school life respectively.

제출하다 (je-chul-ha-da, jechulhada) · 제출되다 (je-chul-doe-da, jechuldoeda)

'제출하다' means actively submitting documents or materials, while '제출되다' expresses the passive state of being submitted.

상환하다 (sang-hwan-ha-da, sanghwanhada) · 상환되다 (sang-hwan-doe-da, sanghwandoeda)

상환하다 (sanghwanhada) expresses the debtor actively repaying a debt, while 상환되다 (sanghwandoeda) describes the debt being repaid passively or as a state.

만나다 (man-na-da, mannada) · 헤어지다 (he-eo-ji-da, heeojida)

만나다 (mannada) means to meet or gather, while 헤어지다 (he-eojida) means to part or separate from someone.

분류하다 (bun-ryu-ha-da, bunryuhada) · 분류되다 (bun-ryu-doe-da, bunryudoeda)

분류하다 (bun-ryu-ha-da) is an active verb meaning to classify something directly, while 분류되다 (bun-ryu-doe-da) is its passive form indicating that something is being classified by someone or something else.

중단하다 (jung-dan-ha-da, jungdanhada) · 중단되다 (jung-dan-doe-da, jungdandoeda)

중단하다 (jung-dan-ha-da) means the subject actively stops something, while 중단되다 (jung-dan-doe-da) means something stops due to external factors or passive change.

아직 (a-jik, ajik) · 벌써 (beol-sseo, beolsseo) · 이제 (i-je, ije)

아직 (ajik), 벌써 (beolsseo), and 이제 (ije) all relate to time, but 아직 indicates something not yet done by expected time, 벌써 shows earlier-than-expected completion, and 이제 emphasizes a changed current moment.

토론하다 (to-ron-ha-da, toronhada) · 토론되다 (to-ron-doe-da, torondoeda)

토론하다 (toronhada) describes actively debating or discussing, while 토론되다 (torondoeda) expresses that a debate happens or is conducted passively or automatically.

달다 (dal-da, dalda) · 쓰다 (sseu-da, sseuda)

달다 (dal-da) expresses sweetness, 쓰다 (sseu-da) bitterness, and their usage differs accordingly.

고소하다 (go-so-ha-da, gosohada) · 고소되다 (go-so-doe-da, gosodoeda)

고소하다 (gosohada) means to file a complaint, while 고소되다 (gosodoeda) means to be accused or have a complaint filed against you.

출소하다 (chul-so-ha-da, chulsohada) · 출소되다 (chul-so-doe-da, chulsodoeda)

'출소하다' (chulsohada) expresses the active act of someone leaving prison themselves, while '출소되다' (chulso doeda) conveys the passive state of being released due to external factors.

으로 (eu-ro, euro) · 로 (ro)

으로 and 로 both indicate direction or means, but choice depends on final consonant and nuance.

웃다 (us-da, usda) · 울다 (ul-da, ulda)

웃다 (ut-da) and 울다 (ul-da) express opposite emotions: laughter and crying.

여행하다 (yeo-haeng-ha-da, yeohaenghada) · 여행되다 (yeo-haeng-doe-da, yeohaengdoeda)

여행하다 (yeohaenghada) expresses active travel done by oneself, while 여행되다 (yeohaengdoeda) indicates passive or resulting travel by someone or circumstances.

초대하다 (cho-dae-ha-da, chodaehada) · 초대되다 (cho-dae-doe-da, chodaedoeda)

초대하다 (chodaehada) means to invite someone as the subject doing the inviting, while 초대되다 (chodaedoeda) means to be invited, focusing on the receiver of the invitation.

퇴장하다 (toe-jang-ha-da, toejanghada) · 퇴장되다 (toe-jang-doe-da, toejangdoeda)

퇴장하다 (to exit actively) means the subject leaves by their own action, while 퇴장되다 (to be exited) indicates a passive situation caused by external factors.

석방하다 (seok-bang-ha-da, seokbanghada) · 석방되다 (seok-bang-doe-da, seokbangdoeda)

‘석방하다’ (seokbanghada) is an active verb meaning 'to release someone,' while ‘석방되다’ (seokbangdoeda) is the passive form meaning 'to be released.'

강등하다 (gang-deung-ha-da, gangdeunghada) · 강등되다 (gang-deung-doe-da, gangdeungdoeda)

'강등하다' expresses the active act of demoting someone, while '강등되다' indicates being passively demoted.

설명하다 (seol-myeong-ha-da, seolmyeonghada) · 설명되다 (seol-myeong-doe-da, seolmyeongdoeda)

설명하다 (seolmyeonghada) means actively explaining something, while 설명되다 (seolmyeongdoeda) describes something being explained passively or inherently.

연결하다 (yeon-gyeol-ha-da, yeongyeolhada) · 연결되다 (yeon-gyeol-doe-da, yeongyeoldoeda)

Both 연결하다 (yeongyeolhada) and 연결되다 (yeongyeoldweda) mean 'to connect,' but 연결하다 describes actively connecting something, while 연결되다 indicates a passive or resulting state of being connected.

추천하다 (chu-cheon-ha-da, chucheonhada) · 추천되다 (chu-cheon-doe-da, chucheondoeda)

추천하다 (chucheonhada) means actively recommending someone or something, while 추천되다 (chucheondoeda) describes being recommended passively by others.