형용사 (hyeong-yong-sa, hyeongyongsa) · 부사 (bu-sa, busa) · 조사 (jo-sa, josa)
Adjectives modify nouns, adverbs modify verbs or adjectives, and particles attach to nouns to indicate grammatical relationships.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
A part of speech that directly modifies nouns to describe their state or quality
When to use
modifying nouns, predicate use, before nouns positioning
The nuance
Adjectives appear before nouns to modify them and can also serve as predicates describing the subject's state.
A part of speech that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to limit or specify meaning
When to use
modifying verbs, modifying adjectives, modifying adverbs
The nuance
Adverbs precede verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to limit their meaning and do not modify nouns.
A part of speech that attaches to nouns to indicate grammatical function or meaning
When to use
subject marking, object marking, adverbial marking
The nuance
Particles attach to nouns indicating subject, object, adverbial cases, etc., and are not used independently.
예쁜 꽃이 피었다.
ye-ppeun kkoch-i pi-eoss-da., ye ppeun kkoch i pi eoss da.
Adjective '예쁜' directly modifies noun '꽃' naturally.
예쁘게 꽃이 피었다.
ye-ppeu-ge kkoch-i pi-eoss-da., ye ppeu ge kkoch i pi eoss da.
Adverb '예쁘게' modifies verb '피었다' clearly.
예쁜게 꽃이 피었다.
ye-ppeun-ge kkoch-i pi-eoss-da., ye ppeun ge kkoch i pi eoss da.
'예쁜게' is incorrect; a particle should follow the adjective properly.
꽃이 예쁜 피었다.
kkoch-i ye-ppeun pi-eoss-da., kkoch i ye ppeun pi eoss da.
'예쁜' cannot modify a verb; word order is incorrect.
나는 밥을 먹었다.
na-neun bap-eul meok-eoss-da., na neun bap eul meok eoss da.
Particles '는' and '을' correctly mark subject and object.
나는 밥 먹었다.
na-neun bap meok-eoss-da., na neun bap meok eoss da.
Missing object particle '을' makes the sentence ungrammatical.
빨리 달린다.
ppal-ri dal-rin-da., ppal ri dal rin da.
Adverb '빨리' properly modifies verb '달린다'.
빨리 예쁜 꽃이 피었다.
ppal-ri ye-ppeun kkoch-i pi-eoss-da., ppal ri ye ppeun kkoch i pi eoss da.
Adverb '빨리' modifies verb '피었다'; adjective '예쁜' modifies noun '꽃'.
Which part of speech modifies nouns?
What part of speech is '빨리'?
What part of speech is '을' in '나는 밥을 먹었다.'?
What part of speech is '예쁜' in '예쁜 꽃'?
