Difference between homework and problem in Korean
숙제·문제

숙제homework
Homework (숙제) is school work that students do after class, often at home. It can be math, reading, writing, or other practice from the teacher. People often say they have homework, do homework, or finish homework.

문제problem
문제 means a problem. In school, it often means a question or exercise in a workbook, homework, or a test. You can also use it for a difficulty in daily life, like a problem with a computer or a ticket.
The difference
문제 is one question or exercise, like a math problem on a worksheet. 숙제 is the whole homework assignment, which can include many problems.