로 (ro) · 으로 (eu-ro, euro)
로 and 으로 are particles used to indicate direction or means, differing mainly by whether the preceding noun ends with a consonant or vowel.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
Attached after a noun without a final consonant to indicate direction, means, or cause
When to use
No final consonant noun, Noun ending with ㄹ, Direction expression, Means expression
The nuance
Use '로' if the noun ends without a final consonant; if the noun ends with the consonant 'ㄹ', also use '로'.
Attached after a noun with a final consonant (except ㄹ) to indicate direction, means, or cause
When to use
Final consonant noun, Direction expression, Means expression, Cause expression
The nuance
Use '으로' if the noun ends with a final consonant except for 'ㄹ', which uses '로'.
학교로 갑니다.
hak-gyo-ro gap-ni-da., hak gyo ro gap ni da.
'학교' ends without a final consonant, so use '로'.
책으로 공부합니다.
chaek-eu-ro gong-bu-hap-ni-da., chaek eu ro gong bu hap ni da.
'책' ends with the consonant 'ㄱ', so use '으로'.
길로 걸어요.
gil-ro geol-eo-yo., gil ro geol eo yo.
'길' ends with 'ㄹ' consonant, so use '로'.
집으로 갑니다.
jip-eu-ro gap-ni-da., jip eu ro gap ni da.
'집' ends with consonant 'ㅂ', so use '으로'.
학교으로 갑니다.
hak-gyo-eu-ro gap-ni-da., hak gyo eu ro gap ni da.
'학교' has no final consonant, so '로' must be used instead of '으로'.
책로 공부합니다.
chaek-ro gong-bu-hap-ni-da., chaek ro gong bu hap ni da.
'책' ends with a consonant, so '으로' must be used instead of '로'.
길으로 걸어요.
gil-eu-ro geol-eo-yo., gil eu ro geol eo yo.
'길' ends with 'ㄹ', so '로' must be used instead of '으로'.
집로 갑니다.
jip-ro gap-ni-da., jip ro gap ni da.
'집' ends with a consonant, so '으로' must be used instead of '로'.
Choose the correct particle: '나무___ 그늘 아래에 앉았다.'
Correct the mistake in: '연필로 글씨를 썼다.'
Which sentence is correct?
