과제하다 (gwa-je-ha-da, gwajehada) · 과제되다 (gwa-je-doe-da, gwajedoeda)
과제하다 (gwaje-hada) means to actively do an assignment, while 과제되다 (gwaje-doeda) means an assignment is given or assigned to someone.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
To actively do or carry out an assignment oneself.
When to use
Active task performance, Subject doing the task, Student doing assignment directly
The nuance
Use when the subject actively performs or completes the assignment themselves; the subject 'does' the task.
An assignment is assigned or imposed on someone; passive reception of a task.
When to use
Assignment assigned, Task imposed, Subject receives task
The nuance
Use when an assignment is assigned or imposed on the subject; the subject 'receives' the task passively.
나는 이번 주말에 과제를 해야 해.
na-neun i-beon ju-mal-e gwa-je-reul hae-ya hae., na neun i beon ju mal e gwa je reul hae ya hae.
The subject actively performs the assignment, so 과제하다 is correct.
이번 주말에 과제되었어.
i-beon ju-mal-e gwa-je-doe-eoss-eo., i beon ju mal e gwa je doe eoss eo.
The assignment is assigned to the subject, so 과제되다 is correct.
선생님이 학생들에게 과제되었다.
seon-saeng-nim-i hak-saeng-deul-e-ge gwa-je-doe-eoss-da., seon saeng nim i hak saeng deul e ge gwa je doe eoss da.
Since the subject assigns the task, 과제되다 is incorrect; use 과제를 내다 or 부과하다 instead.
학생들이 과제를 한다.
hak-saeng-deul-i gwa-je-reul han-da., hak saeng deul i gwa je reul han da.
Students actively perform the task, so 과제하다 is correct.
과제가 학생들에게 과제되었다.
gwa-je-ga hak-saeng-deul-e-ge gwa-je-doe-eoss-da., gwa je ga hak saeng deul e ge gwa je doe eoss da.
The assignment is imposed on students, so 과제되다 is correct.
나는 과제되었다.
na-neun gwa-je-doe-eoss-da., na neun gwa je doe eoss da.
The subject receives the assignment passively, so 과제되다 is correct.
나는 과제를 되었다.
na-neun gwa-je-reul doe-eoss-da., na neun gwa je reul doe eoss da.
과제되다 is an intransitive verb and cannot take an object like '과제를 되었다'.
학생들이 과제를 과제하다.
hak-saeng-deul-i gwa-je-reul gwa-je-ha-da., hak saeng deul i gwa je reul gwa je ha da.
과제하다 is intransitive; using an object like '과제를' is incorrect.
Which word to use when the subject actively does the assignment?
Which word fits when an assignment is assigned to someone?
Is the sentence '나는 이번 주말에 과제되었다.' correct?
