이 vs 그 vs 저: Subtle Differences in Korean Demonstratives

이 (i) · 그 (geu) · 저 (jeo)

이 (i), 그 (geu), and 저 (jeo) are demonstratives differing by speaker and listener proximity and context.

Comparison of Korean demonstratives 이, 그, 저 with usage contexts

Word-by-word breakdown

One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.

(i)

Used to indicate people, objects, or situations near the speaker.

When to use

Near speaker, Object in current conversation, Possession of speaker

The nuance

Used to point to something close to the speaker, regardless of the listener’s position.

(geu)

Used to indicate something near the listener or previously mentioned, or related to the listener.

When to use

Near listener, Previously mentioned, Possession of listener

The nuance

Used to point to something near the listener or previously mentioned in conversation.

(jeo)

Used to indicate something far from both speaker and listener.

When to use

Far from both, Distant place, Far object

The nuance

Used to point to something distant from both speaker and listener.

Real-world examples

  • 이 책은 재미있어요.

    i chaek-eun jae-mi-iss-eo-yo., i chaek eun jae mi iss eo yo.

    '이' is correct because the book is near the speaker.

  • 그 책은 재미있어요.

    geu chaek-eun jae-mi-iss-eo-yo., geu chaek eun jae mi iss eo yo.

    '그' is correct because the book is near the listener.

  • 저 책은 재미있어요.

    jeo chaek-eun jae-mi-iss-eo-yo., jeo chaek eun jae mi iss eo yo.

    '저' is correct because the book is far from both.

  • 이 책은 네 책이에요.

    i chaek-eun ne chaek-i-e-yo., i chaek eun ne chaek i e yo.

    '그' should be used to indicate the listener’s possession, not '이'.

  • 그 집은 내 집이에요.

    geu jip-eun nae jip-i-e-yo., geu jip eun nae jip i e yo.

    '이' should be used for speaker’s possession, not '그'.

  • 저 사람은 내 친구예요.

    jeo sa-ram-eun nae chin-gu-ye-yo., jeo sa ram eun nae chin gu ye yo.

    '저' is correct for something far from both speaker and listener.

  • 그 사람은 내 친구예요.

    geu sa-ram-eun nae chin-gu-ye-yo., geu sa ram eun nae chin gu ye yo.

    '그' is correct for something near the listener.

  • 이 사람은 내 친구예요.

    i sa-ram-eun nae chin-gu-ye-yo., i sa ram eun nae chin gu ye yo.

    '이' is correct for something near the speaker.

Quick quiz

  1. Which demonstrative is used for objects near the speaker?

    화자 가까이에 있는 사물을 가리킬 때 어떤 지시대명사를 쓰나요?(hwa-jaga-kka-i-eiss-neunsa-mul-eulga-ri-kilttaeeo-tteonji-si-dae-myeong-sa-reulsseu-na-yo?, hwajagakkaieissneunsamuleulgarikilttaeeotteonjisidaemyeongsareulsseunayo?)
  2. Which word points to something near the listener or previously mentioned?

    청자 가까이에 있거나 이미 언급된 대상을 가리킬 때 쓰는 말은?(cheong-jaga-kka-i-eiss-geo-nai-mieon-geup-doendae-sang-eulga-ri-kilttaesseu-neunmal-eun?, cheongjagakkaieissgeonaimieongeupdoendaesangeulgarikilttaesseuneunmaleun?)
  3. Which demonstrative indicates something far from both speaker and listener?

    화자와 청자 모두에게서 먼 대상을 지시할 때 사용하는 단어는?(hwa-ja-wacheong-jamo-du-e-ge-seomeondae-sang-eulji-si-halttaesa-yong-ha-neundan-eo-neun?, hwajawacheongjamoduegeseomeondaesangeuljisihalttaesayonghaneundaneoneun?)

More comparisons to explore

View all word comparisons →