복습하다 vs 공부하다: When to Use Each?

복습하다 (bok-seup-ha-da, bokseuphada) · 공부하다 (gong-bu-ha-da, gongbuhada)

복습하다 (boksŭp-hada) means reviewing learned material, while 공부하다 (gongbu-hada) means studying new or general material.

Comparison of 복습하다 and 공부하다 usage in Korean

Word-by-word breakdown

One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.

복습하다(bok-seup-ha-da, bokseuphada)

To review or study material already learned

When to use

Review after class, Checking before exam, Refreshing memory

The nuance

Use 복습하다 when reviewing or repeating material already learned, not for first-time learning.

공부하다(gong-bu-ha-da, gongbuhada)

To study new material or engage in general learning

When to use

Learning new subject, Starting exam preparation, Studying at school

The nuance

Use 공부하다 for learning new material or general studying, including but not limited to review.

Real-world examples

  • 나는 어제 배운 내용을 복습했어요.

    na-neun eo-je bae-un nae-yong-eul bok-seup-haess-eo-yo., na neun eo je bae un nae yong eul bok seup haess eo yo.

    복습하다 is correct because it refers to reviewing previously learned material.

  • 나는 어제 배운 내용을 공부했어요.

    na-neun eo-je bae-un nae-yong-eul gong-bu-haess-eo-yo., na neun eo je bae un nae yong eul gong bu haess eo yo.

    공부하다 is correct as it broadly means studying, including reviewing learned content.

  • 시험 전에 복습했어요.

    si-heom jeon-e bok-seup-haess-eo-yo., si heom jeon e bok seup haess eo yo.

    복습하다 fits well for reviewing before an exam.

  • 시험 전에 공부했어요.

    si-heom jeon-e gong-bu-haess-eo-yo., si heom jeon e gong bu haess eo yo.

    공부하다 naturally fits studying to prepare for an exam.

  • 새로운 단어를 복습했어요.

    sae-ro-un dan-eo-reul bok-seup-haess-eo-yo., sae ro un dan eo reul bok seup haess eo yo.

    복습하다 is incorrect because new words are not yet learned material to review.

  • 새로운 단어를 공부했어요.

    sae-ro-un dan-eo-reul gong-bu-haess-eo-yo., sae ro un dan eo reul gong bu haess eo yo.

    공부하다 is correct for learning new material.

  • 학교에서 복습해요.

    hak-gyo-e-seo bok-seup-hae-yo., hak gyo e seo bok seup hae yo.

    복습하다 fits reviewing learned content after class at school.

  • 학교에서 공부해요.

    hak-gyo-e-seo gong-bu-hae-yo., hak gyo e seo gong bu hae yo.

    공부하다 is natural for general studying at school.

Quick quiz

  1. Which word to use when reviewing learned material?

    이미 배운 내용을 다시 공부할 때 어떤 단어를 써야 할까요?(i-mibae-unnae-yong-eulda-sigong-bu-halttaeeo-tteondan-eo-reulsseo-yahal-kka-yo?, imibaeunnaeyongeuldasigongbuhalttaeeotteondaneoreulsseoyahalkkayo?)
  2. Which word fits starting to learn a new subject?

    새로운 과목을 배우기 시작할 때 적절한 단어는?(sae-ro-ungwa-mok-eulbae-u-gisi-jak-halttaejeok-jeol-handan-eo-neun?, saeroungwamokeulbaeugisijakhalttaejeokjeolhandaneoneun?)
  3. Appropriate expression for checking material before exam?

    시험 전에 내용을 다시 확인할 때 알맞은 표현은?(si-heomjeon-enae-yong-eulda-sihwak-in-halttaeal-maj-eunpyo-hyeon-eun?, siheomjeonenaeyongeuldasihwakinhalttaealmajeunpyohyeoneun?)

More comparisons to explore

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