되다 (doe-da, doeda) · 하다 (ha-da, hada)
되다 and 하다 are both verbs, but 되다 expresses change of state or possibility, while 하다 denotes actions or activities.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
Verb indicating change of state or that something becomes possible
When to use
state change, expressing possibility, indicating result
The nuance
되다 is mainly used to express change of state, result, or possibility, with the subject undergoing the change.
Verb denoting actions or activities, often combined with nouns to form verbs.
When to use
expressing action, performing movement, showing intention
The nuance
하다 mainly expresses actions, movements, or intentions, used when the subject performs an action directly.
시험이 잘 되었다.
si-heom-i jal doe-eoss-da., si heom i jal doe eoss da.
되다 expresses change of state and result, so it fits the meaning that the exam went well.
시험을 잘 하였다.
si-heom-eul jal ha-yeoss-da., si heom eul jal ha yeoss da.
하다 denotes the action of taking the exam, so this is a natural expression.
일이 되었다.
il-i doe-eoss-da., il i doe eoss da.
Since the work is completed and the state changed, 되다 is appropriate.
일을 하였다.
il-eul ha-yeoss-da., il eul ha yeoss da.
It denotes performing work, so 하다 is correct.
나는 의사가 되었다.
na-neun ui-sa-ga doe-eoss-da., na neun ui sa ga doe eoss da.
되다 expresses change in status or identity, so it's suitable here.
나는 의사를 하였다.
na-neun ui-sa-reul ha-yeoss-da., na neun ui sa reul ha yeoss da.
Since 'doctor' is a status, 하다 is inappropriate; 되다 should be used.
운동을 하였다.
un-dong-eul ha-yeoss-da., un dong eul ha yeoss da.
It expresses the action of exercising, so 하다 is correct.
운동이 되었다.
un-dong-i doe-eoss-da., un dong i doe eoss da.
Exercise is an action, so 되다 is inappropriate; 하다 should be used.
Which verb expresses change of state or result?
Which word fits in ‘운동을 ___’?
Which word fits in ‘의사가 ___’?
What does it mean?
