제출하다 (je-chul-ha-da, jechulhada) · 제출되다 (je-chul-doe-da, jechuldoeda)
'제출하다' means actively submitting documents or materials, while '제출되다' expresses the passive state of being submitted.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
Someone actively submits documents or materials
When to use
Direct submission, Active action, Clear subject
The nuance
Use when the subject actively submits documents or materials; the subject must be clear and it is an active verb.
Documents or materials are in the state or process of being submitted, passive expression
When to use
Passive state, Document-focused, Doer unclear
The nuance
Used to express the state of documents or materials being submitted; the subject is the submitted item and the doer is unclear or unimportant. It is a passive verb.
학생이 과제를 제출하다.
hak-saeng-i gwa-je-reul je-chul-ha-da., hak saeng i gwa je reul je chul ha da.
The subject (student) actively submits the assignment, so '제출하다' is correct.
과제가 제출되다.
gwa-je-ga je-chul-doe-da., gwa je ga je chul doe da.
The assignment (document) is in a passive state of being submitted, so '제출되다' is correct.
과제를 제출되다.
gwa-je-reul je-chul-doe-da., gwa je reul je chul doe da.
Documents cannot actively submit, so '제출되다' cannot be used as an active verb.
교수가 보고서를 제출되다.
gyo-su-ga bo-go-seo-reul je-chul-doe-da., gyo su ga bo go seo reul je chul doe da.
The subject is a person, so passive verb '제출되다' sounds odd; use active '제출하다'.
서류가 제출되었다.
seo-ryu-ga je-chul-doe-eoss-da., seo ryu ga je chul doe eoss da.
It correctly expresses the documents being in a passive submitted state.
제가 서류를 제출되다.
je-ga seo-ryu-reul je-chul-doe-da., je ga seo ryu reul je chul doe da.
The subject is a person, so active '제출하다' must be used; passive '제출되다' is incorrect.
학생들이 시험지를 제출하다.
hak-saeng-deul-i si-heom-ji-reul je-chul-ha-da., hak saeng deul i si heom ji reul je chul ha da.
The subject actively submits exam papers, so '제출하다' is correct.
시험지가 제출되었다.
si-heom-ji-ga je-chul-doe-eoss-da., si heom ji ga je chul doe eoss da.
It properly expresses the passive state of exam papers being submitted.
Which sentence shows active submission?
Which sentence expresses the passive state of being submitted?
Which word fits: '제가 서류를 _____.'?
