중단하다 (jung-dan-ha-da, jungdanhada) · 중단되다 (jung-dan-doe-da, jungdandoeda)
중단하다 (jung-dan-ha-da) means the subject actively stops something, while 중단되다 (jung-dan-doe-da) means something stops due to external factors or passive change.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
The subject intentionally stops an action or process.
When to use
active action, intentional stop, subject decision
The nuance
Use 중단하다 when the subject actively and intentionally stops something. It expresses an active and deliberate action.
Something stops or is halted due to external factors or changes in situation.
When to use
passive state change, external cause influence, not subject
The nuance
Use 중단되다 when the subject stops passively due to external causes. It expresses a passive state change.
그는 회의를 중단했다.
geu-neun hoe-ui-reul jung-dan-haess-da., geu neun hoe ui reul jung dan haess da.
The subject actively stopped the meeting, so 중단하다 is correct.
회의가 중단되었다.
hoe-ui-ga jung-dan-doe-eoss-da., hoe ui ga jung dan doe eoss da.
The meeting stopped due to external factors, so 중단되다 is correct.
회의가 중단했다.
hoe-ui-ga jung-dan-haess-da., hoe ui ga jung dan haess da.
The meeting cannot actively stop itself, so 중단되다 should be used.
그는 프로젝트가 중단되었다.
geu-neun peu-ro-jek-teu-ga jung-dan-doe-eoss-da., geu neun peu ro jek teu ga jung dan doe eoss da.
The subject is 'he', but the project stopped, so 중단하다 should be used for active subject.
비가 와서 공사가 중단되었다.
bi-ga wa-seo gong-sa-ga jung-dan-doe-eoss-da., bi ga wa seo gong sa ga jung dan doe eoss da.
Construction stopped due to external cause (rain), so 중단되다 is correct.
그는 비가 와서 공사를 중단했다.
geu-neun bi-ga wa-seo gong-sa-reul jung-dan-haess-da., geu neun bi ga wa seo gong sa reul jung dan haess da.
The subject actively stopped construction, so 중단하다 is correct.
그는 중단되었다.
geu-neun jung-dan-doe-eoss-da., geu neun jung dan doe eoss da.
It is unnatural for a person to be passively stopped like this; 중단하다 is appropriate.
그는 작업을 중단했다.
geu-neun jak-eop-eul jung-dan-haess-da., geu neun jak eop eul jung dan haess da.
The subject actively stopped the work, so 중단하다 is correct.
Which sentence requires '중단하다'?
Which sentence correctly uses '중단되다'?
