상환하다 (sang-hwan-ha-da, sanghwanhada) · 상환되다 (sang-hwan-doe-da, sanghwandoeda)
상환하다 (sanghwanhada) expresses the debtor actively repaying a debt, while 상환되다 (sanghwandoeda) describes the debt being repaid passively or as a state.
One lane per word — no nested boxes, just the gist.
Actively repaying a debt or money
When to use
Debtor repaying debt, Bank requesting repayment from customer, Repayment terms in contract
The nuance
Use when the subject actively repays the debt. It is an active verb where the subject performs the repayment.
Debt or money being repaid passively or as a completed state
When to use
Debt repaid automatically, Describing repayment completion, Reporting that repayment occurred
The nuance
Use to indicate the state or result of debt being repaid. It is passive; the subject is the object of repayment.
나는 은행에 빚을 상환했다.
na-neun eun-haeng-e bij-eul sang-hwan-haess-da., na neun eun haeng e bij eul sang hwan haess da.
The subject (I) actively repaid the debt, so 상환하다 is correct.
빚이 상환되었다는 사실을 확인했다.
bij-i sang-hwan-doe-eoss-da-neun sa-sil-eul hwak-in-haess-da., bij i sang hwan doe eoss da neun sa sil eul hwak in haess da.
It describes the passive state of debt being repaid, so 상환되다 is correct.
은행이 고객에게 상환되었다고 말했다.
eun-haeng-i go-gaek-e-ge sang-hwan-doe-eoss-da-go mal-haess-da., eun haeng i go gaek e ge sang hwan doe eoss da go mal haess da.
The bank is the active subject, so 상환하다 should be used.
고객이 대출금을 상환되었다.
go-gaek-i dae-chul-geum-eul sang-hwan-doe-eoss-da., go gaek i dae chul geum eul sang hwan doe eoss da.
The customer is the active repayer, so 상환하다 is correct.
대출금이 상환되었다.
dae-chul-geum-i sang-hwan-doe-eoss-da., dae chul geum i sang hwan doe eoss da.
It describes the loan being repaid as a passive state, so 상환되다 is appropriate.
나는 상환되었다고 말했다.
na-neun sang-hwan-doe-eoss-da-go mal-haess-da., na neun sang hwan doe eoss da go mal haess da.
상환되다 applies to debt/money, not people as subjects; use 상환하다 instead.
회사는 대출금을 상환했다.
hoe-sa-neun dae-chul-geum-eul sang-hwan-haess-da., hoe sa neun dae chul geum eul sang hwan haess da.
The company actively repaid the loan, so 상환하다 is correct.
대출금이 자동으로 상환되었다.
dae-chul-geum-i ja-dong-eu-ro sang-hwan-doe-eoss-da., dae chul geum i ja dong eu ro sang hwan doe eoss da.
Describing the loan being repaid automatically fits 상환되다.
Which word shows the subject actively repaying a debt?
Which expression correctly describes the state of debt being repaid?
Fill in the blank: "나는 대출금을 ___"
