Pattern: -(으)니까
-(으)니까 (-(eu)ni-kka, (eu)nikka)
-(으)니까 is a connective ending that expresses reason or cause, linking the first clause as the basis for the second.
When and how native speakers actually use it.
A connective ending indicating cause or reason from the first clause
When to use
explaining reasons, stating causes, giving advice or commands with reasons
The nuance
Attach -(으)니까 to the verb or adjective stem to indicate cause or reason. Use '-으니까' if the stem ends with a consonant, '-니까' if it ends with a vowel. It mainly expresses reasons based on the speaker's direct experience or judgment.
비가 오니까 우산을 가져가세요.
bi-ga o-ni-kka u-san-eul ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo., bi ga o ni kka u san eul ga jyeo ga se yo.
The reason in the first clause (it's raining) justifies the action in the second (take an umbrella).
피곤하니까 일찍 자요.
pi-gon-ha-ni-kka il-jjik ja-yo., pi gon ha ni kka il jjik ja yo.
Clearly indicates tiredness as the reason for sleeping early.
밥 먹으니까 배가 고파요.
bap meok-eu-ni-kka bae-ga go-pa-yo., bap meok eu ni kka bae ga go pa yo.
You cannot be hungry because you ate; cause and effect are illogical.
늦었으니까 빨리 가야 해요.
neuj-eoss-eu-ni-kka ppal-ri ga-ya hae-yo., neuj eoss eu ni kka ppal ri ga ya hae yo.
The lateness provides a reason to go quickly.
공부하니까 시험에 합격했어요.
gong-bu-ha-ni-kka si-heom-e hap-gyeok-haess-eo-yo., gong bu ha ni kka si heom e hap gyeok haess eo yo.
Studying is clearly expressed as the cause of passing the exam.
춥니까 문을 닫으세요.
chup-ni-kka mun-eul dat-eu-se-yo., chup ni kka mun eul dat eu se yo.
-(으)니까 is not used for conditional sentences, but for reasons.
Which sentence correctly uses -(으)니까?
What does -(으)니까 mean in "피곤하니까 일찍 자요."?
Which sentence is incorrect?
