Pattern: -(으)시다
-(으)시다 (-(eu)si-da, (eu)sida)
-(으)시다 is used in honorific speech to show respect for the subject's actions.
When and how native speakers actually use it.
An honorific suffix used to elevate the subject's actions in polite speech.
When to use
polite speech, respecting listener's actions, respecting third person's actions
The nuance
Attach -(으)시다 to the verb stem to form honorifics. Use -으시다 if the stem ends with a consonant, -시다 if it ends with a vowel. The subject must be the honorific target, usually third person or the listener.
선생님께서 말씀하시다.
seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo mal-sseum-ha-si-da., seon saeng nim kke seo mal sseum ha si da.
Verb 말씀하다 ends with a vowel, so -시다 is attached.
할아버지께서 주무시다.
hal-a-beo-ji-kke-seo ju-mu-si-da., hal a beo ji kke seo ju mu si da.
The verb 주무시다 is already an honorific verb.
아버지가 드시다.
a-beo-ji-ga deu-si-da., a beo ji ga deu si da.
The verb 드시다 is an honorific verb.
나는 선생님께서 오시다.
na-neun seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo o-si-da., na neun seon saeng nim kke seo o si da.
Subject 'I' cannot be honored with 으시다; it honors the subject, not the speaker.
할머니께서 책을 읽으시다.
hal-meo-ni-kke-seo chaek-eul ik-eu-si-da., hal meo ni kke seo chaek eul ik eu si da.
Verb 읽다 ends with a consonant, so -으시다 is attached.
그분이 말씀하신다.
geu-bun-i mal-sseum-ha-sin-da., geu bun i mal sseum ha sin da.
Verb 말씀하다 ends with a vowel, so -시다 is attached.
나는 밥을 먹으시다.
na-neun bap-eul meok-eu-si-da., na neun bap eul meok eu si da.
Subject 'I' cannot be honored with 으시다; it honors the subject, not the speaker.
Which sentence correctly uses 으시다?
How do you attach 으시다 to the verb 읽다?
Which sentence uses 으시다 incorrectly?
